C++ Basics: Understanding Variables and Data Types

Welcome to the world of C++ programming! In this beginner’s guide, we’ll explore the basics of C++ variables and data types, essential concepts for anyone starting their journey in C++ programming.

Introduction to Variables:
Variables are placeholders for storing data in a C++ program. They have a name, a data type, and a value. Let’s start by understanding how to declare and use variables in C++.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    // Declare variables
    int age = 25;
    float height = 5.9;
    char grade = 'A';
    bool isStudent = true;

    // Output variable values
    cout << "Age: " << age << endl;
    cout << "Height: " << height << " feet" << endl;
    cout << "Grade: " << grade << endl;
    cout << "Is student? " << (isStudent ? "Yes" : "No") << endl;

    return 0;
}

Understanding Data Types:
C++ supports various data types, including integers, floating-point numbers, characters, booleans, and more. Let’s explore some commonly used data types in C++:

• int: Used to store integer values (e.g., 1, 10, -5).
• float: Used to store floating-point values with single precision (e.g., 3.14, -0.5).
• char: Used to store single characters (e.g., ‘A’, ‘b’, ‘$’).
• bool: Used to store boolean values (either true or false).

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int age = 25;
    float height = 5.9;
    char grade = 'A';
    bool isStudent = true;

    // Output data types
    cout << "Age is of type: " << typeid(age).name() << endl;
    cout << "Height is of type: " << typeid(height).name() << endl;
    cout << "Grade is of type: " << typeid(grade).name() << endl;
    cout << "Is student is of type: " << typeid(isStudent).name() << endl;

    return 0;
}